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In addition, a growing body of evidence suggests that COVID can induce kidney damage through both direct and indirect mechanisms. This article series aims to highlight basic, clinical and psychological aspects of COVID in nephrology as well as the impact of the pandemic on research and clinical trials.

Comment 9 Sep Nature Reviews Nephrology. Comment 8 Feb Nature Reviews Nephrology. Comment 8 Sep Nature Reviews Nephrology. Comment 12 Aug Nature Reviews Nephrology.

Comment 5 Aug Nature Reviews Nephrology. Comment 4 Aug Nature Reviews Nephrology. Comment 19 Jun Nature Reviews Nephrology. Comment 14 May Nature Reviews Nephrology. Comment 9 Apr Nature Reviews Nephrology. Comment 6 Apr Nature Reviews Nephrology. Comment 3 Apr Nature Reviews Nephrology. Comment 1 Apr Nature Reviews Nephrology. Advanced search. Skip to main content Thank you for visiting nature. This Review describes our current understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms involved in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 SARS-CoV-2 infection and the progression of coronavirus disease COVID , focusing on the immunological hyper-response and the induction of widespread endothelial damage, complement-associated blood clotting and systemic microangiopathy, as well as the effects of these processes on the kidney.

The authors also discuss therapeutic interventions that currently hold most promise. Kidney involvement is common in patients with acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, and subclinical inflammation and injury may persist for many months, resulting in a progressive decline in kidney function that leads to chronic kidney disease.

Continued research is imperative to understand these long-term sequelae and identify interventions to mitigate them. Interruptions to dialysis services in resource-limited settings, like India, amidst the COVID pandemic has highlighted our ill-preparedness. We need alternative plans to safeguard the provision of this life-sustaining treatment and protect our vulnerable patients. As vaccine responses are likely to be lower in patients with kidney diseases than in the general population, highly potent vaccines should be preferred.

The consequences of the COVID pandemic have been devastating; however, evidence suggests that patients with, or at risk of, kidney disease are disproportionally affected. Patients on dialysis and kidney transplant recipients are at higher risk of adverse outcomes from COVID, whereas, conversely, patients with severe COVID are at increased risk of acute kidney injury, with short-term and possibly long-term consequences for nephrological care.

Although this study demonstrates the potential of monitoring infectious disease prevalence in dialysis populations, the findings should be interpreted with caution.

There is conflicting data on whether adverse obstetric and perinatal outcomes are increased in twin pregnancies conceived with IVF treatment compared to spontaneous twin pregnancies. The aim of this study is to compare obstetric and perinatal outcomes in twin pregnancies occurring spontaneously and after IVF treatment. Material and Method: All DDA twin pregnancies whose antenatal follow-ups and deliveries were carried out in our center between January to January were included in the study.

Obstetric and perinatal outcomes were compared between twin pregnancies according to the mode of conception. The data were evaluated with SPSS Obstetric complications of twin pregnancies. Hidden high rate of pre-eclampsia in twin compared with singleton pregnancy.

Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. Preeclampsia acts differently in in vitro fertilization versus spontaneous twins. Arch Gynecol Obstet. Perinatal outcome of singletons and twins after assisted conception: A systematic review of controlled studies. Br Med J. Hum Reprod. Adverse obstetric and perinatal outcomes of singleton pregnancies may be related to maternal factors associated with infertility rather than the type of assisted reproductive technology procedure used.

Fertil Steril. Criteria for screening tests for gestational diabetes. Am J Obstet Gynecol. Williams Obstetrics: 23rd Edition.

Perinatal outcome of monochorionic and dichorionic twins after spontaneous and assisted conception: a retrospective cohort study. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand.