Which 5 year plan is going on

Install solar panel in public and private buildings where applicable in view of harnessing solar energy. Setting up a solar panel having capacity of Tradeable REC:.

Building public awareness through publicity in electronic and print media and introduce this issue in the Curriculum. Energy environmental priorities:. To improve air quality through clean fuel and vehicle. GoB, therefore, encourages increased energy and cost efficiency in the development and utilization of conventional energy.

Pollution control action plans:. Decarbonization strategy:. Improve railways and waterways as energy efficient multi-modal transport system to reduce carbon emission. Fossil fuel subsidies:. Energy pricing:. The Government recognizes that electricity should be priced appropriately to both ensure that there is efficient use of electricity and the industry generates enough surpluses for reinvestment. Proper pricing of primary fuel and electricity is important to conserve energy as well as to generate resources for future investments.

Proper energy pricing is also critical to attract foreign and domestic private investment in the energy sector. Accordingly, setting of proper prices is a key element of the Sixth Plan energy strategy. The per unit production cost of electricity is expected to rise 50 percent percent in the upcoming years due to the installation of high cost liquid fuel based peaking plants. Accordingly, the Energy Regulatory Commission may increase the tariff of power step by step. However, power tariff will likely come down after as the implementation of gas and coal based power plants will be completed that is expected to reduce generation costs.

Infrastructure development priorities:. Total MW is planned to be generated from rental and quick rental power plants out of which MW has already been commissioned. Another MW power plants is expected to be commissioned by June, Fayol had recommended year plans, but with five-year reviews that in practice would cut the time frame in half.

Five-year plans spread quietly among corporations as different as CBS, J. In , a Wall Street Journal opinion piece by the investment banker and writer David Smick was one of the first signs of disillusionment with the concept even in its modern business-school garb. Yet even after the harsh truths had sunk in, a sort of Indian summer of five-year planning in the United States arrived in the mids with personal computer spreadsheet software. In , for example, the consumer goods giant Unilever could boast of a page fiveyear plan produced with Lotus , the pioneering spreadsheet program first released in But by the mids, the tide seemed to turn once again.

Fifty years after The Road to Serfdom , the Canadian management professor and critic of business education Henry Mintzberg published The Rise and Fall of Strategic Planning , an extensively documented, devastating critique of the assumptions of strategy and an exploration of alternative strategic concepts. Ironically, the potential role of technological change as the savior, not the grim reaper, of planning had occurred to apparatchiks in the Soviet Union.

But the new technocrats never had a chance of upending the entrenched Soviet bureaucracy, which killed the movement before it could really be tested. Meanwhile in Silicon Valley, the rise of the internet was shortening development cycles.

The potentially catastrophic consequences of climate change have brought national planning back to the fore, and with it the question of whether five years is still a useful horizon. Whatever one believes about the feasibility of such ambitious plans, which includes rebuilding the entire U. In any case, a look backward offers little reason to believe that long-range planning is sufficiently flexible to be relevant today. In a bit more than a decade, the global economy has had to weather jolting unexpected changes ranging from the financial crisis to Covid Of course, there can also be positive surprises — we may, for example, be in the midst of technological change that renders fossil fuels obsolete.

But, by definition, surprises cannot be planned. A research paper by the geographer Bent Flyvbjerg and colleagues at Oxford argues that IOC-related shortfalls proportionately dwarf those of even the most ambitious civil engineering projects in part because of the uncertainty associated with the longer development period.

There is some evidence that five years is still a good timetable for reorganizing a global enterprise. It may be impossible to implement changes with new hires in such enterprises in less than four years. And in a unit that had suffered billions in losses, as HMC had, six years would have seemed too slow. Five may be a sweet spot. The real weakness of the five-year plan may be that it is too easy for bureaucratic inertia to neutralize it. It called for developing a major effective team of counterterrorism analysts for the first time, supported by automated systems for collecting and distributing information.

The per capita GDP will reach the level of moderately developed countries and the size of the middle-income group will be significantly expanded. Equitable access to basic public services will be ensured. Disparities in development between urban and rural areas and between regions, and in living standards will be significantly reduced. The Peaceful China initiative will be pursued at a higher level.

The modernization of national defense and the military will be achieved. People will lead a better life, and more notable and substantial progress will be achieved in well-rounded human development and in common prosperity for all. Main objectives for economic and social development during the 14th Five-Year Plan period. We must be fully committed to the new vision for development and realize sustained and healthy economic development based on a marked improvement in quality and efficiency.

The domestic market will be stronger, the economic structure will be further optimized, and the innovation capacity will be significantly improved. The upgrade of the industrial base and modernization of the industrial chains will be significantly improved, and the agricultural foundation will be strengthened. The balance of development between urban and rural areas and between regions will be significantly enhanced. China will further improve its socialist market economy with a high-standard market system in place.

Market entities will be increasingly dynamic, and major progress will be achieved in the reform of the property rights system and the market-based allocation of factors of production. A more robust system of fair competition will prevail, and a new system of higher-standard open economy will take shape. Core socialist values will be widely embraced, and significant improvement will be made in the intellectual, moral, scientific, cultural, and health standards of Chinese citizens.

The systems for public cultural services and cultural industries will be further improved, the intellectual and cultural life of the Chinese people will become richer, the international influence of the Chinese culture will be further increased, and an even stronger bond will be forged among all the people of the Chinese nation. The territorial space will be better developed and protected. Remarkable results will be achieved in a shift towards eco-friendly work and lifestyle. Energy and resources will be more rationally allocated and much more efficiently used.

The total discharge of major pollutants will be consistently reduced. The forest coverage will reach The living environment in urban and rural areas will also be significantly improved. We will increase employment and create better quality jobs, while maintaining the surveyed urban unemployment rate within 5. Per capita disposable income will grow in line with GDP growth, and the income distribution structure will be significantly improved.

The access to basic public services will be much more equitable. All Chinese people will enjoy better education opportunities, with the average years of schooling among the working-age population rising to The health care system will be improved, and the average life expectancy will be increased by 1 year.

What we have achieved in poverty alleviation will be consolidated and expanded, the rural revitalization strategy will be comprehensively carried forward, and solid strides will be made towards common prosperity for all.

Socialist democracy and the rule of law will be enhanced, so will be social fairness and justice. With improvements in the administration system, the government will better exercise its role, and its performance and credibility will be significantly enhanced. Social governance, especially primary-level governance, will be remarkably improved. Systems and mechanisms for forestalling and defusing major risks will be constantly improved, with the capacity to handle public emergencies significantly enhanced.

Notable progress will be seen in preventing natural disasters, development security will be more effectively ensured, and major steps will be taken in the modernization of the national defense and armed forces.

Indeed, success in building prosperity hinges on the development of science and education, talent building, and innovation, including institutional support for innovation. An action plan for building prosperity through science and technology will be developed, with a focus on strengthening institutional support on a national level and leveraging the advantages of our socialist market economy. It aims to encourage innovation and breakthroughs in core technologies in key areas and improve the overall efficiency of the innovation chain.

We will promote an optimal combination of innovation systems oriented towards the strategic needs of the country and work faster to enhance our strategic scientific and technological capability based on the development of national laboratories.

Focusing on quantum information, photonics, micro and nanoelectronics, network communications, artificial intelligence, biomedicine, modern energy systems, and other major innovation areas, we will establish a group of national laboratories and reorganize national key laboratories, thus establishing a laboratory system with a rational structure and efficient operation.

We will promote the diversification of investors, the modernization of management systems, market-based operation mechanisms, and flexible employment mechanisms. We will formulate and implement strategic scientific programs and scientific projects in the basic and core areas concerning national security and development, and carry out pioneering and strategic national projects in artificial intelligence, quantum information, integrated circuits, life and health, brain science, biological breeding, aerospace science and technology, deep earth and deep sea, among other frontier fields.

Based on the urgent and long-term needs of the country, we will concentrate our advantageous resources to make breakthroughs in core technologies in the key fields including new and sudden outbreak of infectious diseases, biosafety risk prevention and control, medicine and medical equipment, key components and parts and basic materials, and petroleum and natural gas exploration and development.

We will strengthen the role of application-oriented research as a driving force, encourage free exploration, formulate and implement a year action plan for basic research, and give priority to a group of research centers for fundamental disciplines. We will increase funding and improve the composition of spending for basic research, give preferential tax treatment to enterprises engaging in basic research, encourage the private sector to channel more resources to basic research through diverse means such as donations and investment, and form a mechanism for ensuring sustainable and stable funding.

A sound evaluation system and incentive mechanism will be established and improved for long-term evaluation of basic research and for creating an environment conducive to basic research. We will support the initiative of making Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area international centers for science and technology innovation, build comprehensive national science centers in Huairou in Beijing, Zhangjiang in Shanghai, Greater Bay Area, and Hefei in Anhui, and support the building of regional science and technology innovation centers in places where conditions permit.

We will strengthen the innovation functions of national innovation demonstration zones, new and high-tech industry development zones, and economic and technological development zones. We will adopt an appropriate forward-thinking plan for major national science and technology infrastructure and ensure that it is better shared and more efficiently utilized.

Market-oriented mechanisms for technological innovation will be in place to boost the role of enterprises in innovation, encourage the flow of resources to enterprises, and enable enterprises to play a major role in innovation with the support of universities, research institutes, and end-users. We will expand and improve the insurance compensation and incentive policies for the application of newly developed major technical equipment, give play to the leading and demonstrative roles of major projects, and support innovative products and services with government procurement policies.

At the same time, we will enhance preferential tax policies that encourage innovation in small and medium-sized scientific and technological enterprises.

China will focus on integrating and upgrading key general-purpose technology platforms, support leading enterprises in the industry to work with universities, research institutes, and upstream and downstream industrial enterprises in building national centers for industrial innovation and in undertaking major national science and technology projects.

Qualified enterprises will be supported to cooperate with research institutes that have been transformed into enterprises, to establish industry research institutes and provide common technology services for public welfare. China will build new general-purpose technology platforms to tackle key problems encountered in multiple industries and fields. We will give play to the leading and supporting roles of large enterprises, support the growth of innovative micro, small, and medium enterprises into important sources of innovation, and promote collaborative innovation among large, medium, and small enterprises in the upstream, mid-stream, and downstream of the industrial chain.

We will also encourage the establishment of mixed-ownership industrial technology research institutes on the basis of industrial clusters in places where conditions permit, to facilitate research and development in key generic technologies. China will give enterprises greater access to national research platforms, scientific and technological reports, and research data, innovate the mechanisms for applying scientific and technological achievements, and encourage the licensing of eligible government-financed scientific and technological achievements to small and medium-sized enterprises SMEs.

We will push forward the institutional reform for innovation and entrepreneurship and build specialized and market-oriented institutions for technology transfer and teams of technology managers. We will improve the financial support system for innovation, encourage financial institutions to develop fintech products such as intellectual property pledge financing and technology insurance, and carry out pilot projects of risk compensation for loans related to the application of scientific and technological achievements.

It is important to foster a culture that respects knowledge, encourages hard work and creativity, and is conducive to talent development. Reform is necessary to improve a full spectrum of talent management practices, including training, recruitment, and placement, thus giving full play to the role of talent, the most essential resource.

China will develop more world-class strategic talents and leading figures in science and technology and innovation teams in accordance with the laws of personnel development and research activities. The country will foster reserves of young scientists and engineers with international competitiveness, pay attention to developing and discovering talents through major scientific and technological tasks and major innovation bases, and support the establishment of post-doctoral innovation posts.

The country will strengthen the training of innovative, skilled, and application-oriented personnel, implement knowledge renewal projects and skills upgrade initiatives, and build stronger teams of high-level engineers and highly skilled personnel. Efforts will be made to intensify the training of top students in basic disciplines, and build bases and frontier science centers for mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, and other basic disciplines. We will implement a more open talent policy and build a research and innovation center that brings together excellent personnel at home and abroad.

We will improve the policies for foreign high-calibre personnel and professionals who stay or reside in China for work, research, and exchange, improve the permanent residence system for foreigners in China, and explore the establishment of a skilled migration system.

We will improve the evaluation and incentive mechanism, build a robust system to evaluate scientists and engineers based on the criteria of innovation ability, quality, effectiveness and contribution, and develop an income distribution mechanism that fully reflects the value of knowledge, technology, and other elements in innovation.

We will carefully select leading and top-notch personnel, leverage their expertise and give them a greater say on technological routes and fund use. We will adopt a distribution policy oriented towards rewarding knowledge and improve the mechanism for researchers to share the benefits from their on-the-job inventions, vest in them the ownership or long-term right of use of their research results on a pilot basis, and increase their share of benefits.

We will also deepen the reform of the academician system. We will vigorously carry forward the spirit of scientists in the new era, strengthen research integrity, and improve the ethical system in science and technology. We will protect the property rights and innovation income of entrepreneurs according to law and give full play to the important role of entrepreneurs in steering innovation in the right direction, bringing together competent personnel and raising funds.

We will promote the in-depth development of innovation, entrepreneurship, and creativity, and optimize the layout of the innovation and entrepreneurship demonstration bases. We will advocate an innovation and entrepreneurship culture of dedication, seeking better from best, concentration and tolerance of failure, and improve the trial-and-error mechanism that allows errors to be tolerated and corrected.

To create a social climate that values science and innovation, and improve the scientific literacy of the people, we will uphold the spirit of scientists and craftsmanship, extensively carry out science popularization activities, and foster an interest in science among young people. Institutional reforms will proceed at a deeper level to improve the national science and technology governance system and national planning for the development of science and technology, and allow a holistic approach to deploying projects, facilities, personnel, and funds in key sectors.

We will accelerate the transformation of government functions in science and technology management, enhance the guiding role of planning and policies and the creation of an innovative environment, and reduce direct interventions in financial and physical resources and in projects. The government funding system for research will be consolidated, with an increased focus on strategic and key sectors, and the problems of compartmentalization and small and scattered funding will be effectively addressed.

The approval, organization, and management of major scientific and technological projects will be reformed to grant more decision-making rights to research institutions and researchers. To this end we will implement a system of chief technology officers assuming responsibilities, implement a ranking system and a strong and open competition mechanism for selecting the best candidates to lead key research projects, and improve the funding mechanism to combine awards and subsidies.

We will improve the evaluation mechanism of science and technology and the classified evaluation system for free exploration and task-oriented science and technology projects, establish an evaluation mechanism for science and technology projects on which a consensus is not yet achieved, and optimize science and technology award projects. We will establish and improve the modern research institution system and support the institutions to try out more flexible systems for human resources, post, and salary management.

We will establish and improve the mechanism of free and orderly flow of innovation resources among institutions of higher learning, research institutions, and enterprises.

In addition to these efforts, we will further promote pilot reforms for comprehensive innovation. We will implement a strategy to make China strong on intellectual property rights, implement a strict intellectual property protection system, improve the related laws and regulations, and accelerate the legislation in emerging fields and new forms of business.

We will strengthen judicial protection and administrative enforcement related to intellectual property rights, improve relevant systems of arbitration, mediation, notarization, and assistance in the protection of rights, build a better system of punitive damages for intellectual property infringements, and increase the compensation.

We will optimize the patent subsidy and incentive policies and evaluation mechanisms to better protect and encourage high-value patents and develop patent-intensive industries. By reforming the ownership and distribution mechanism of state-owned intellectual property rights, we will give research institutions and institutions of higher learning a greater say in the disposition of intellectual properties.

The intangible assets evaluation system will be improved, a management mechanism that combines incentives and supervision will be established, and public service platforms will be built for intellectual property protection and application. We will implement a more open, inclusive, mutually beneficial, and shared international strategy for cooperation in science and technology and more actively integrate ourselves into the global innovation network. We will pragmatically promote international cooperation in the fields of global epidemic prevention and control and public health, boost joint research and development with researchers from various countries focusing on climate change, human health, and other issues, take the lead in designing and initiating international big science programs and projects, and give play to the unique role of science funds.

We will step up the opening-up of the national science and technology programs, launch a group of major science and technology cooperation projects, explore and establish a global research fund, and implement scientist exchange programs.

We will also support the establishment of international scientific and technological organizations in China, and welcome foreign scientists to serve in scientific and technological academic organizations in China.

The focus of economic growth should be on the development of the real economy. Building national strength requires, in particular, strengthening manufacturing and improving product quality. Further integration of advanced manufacturing and modern services is called for. Improving infrastructure provides support and paves the way for new growth.

It is important to strengthen institutional support for symbiotic interaction between the real economy, scientific and technological innovation, financial services, and talent development. It is crucial to build more secure, resilient, and efficient modern supply chains not subject to disruptions and outside interference.

It is also crucial to ensure that the share of manufacturing in the economy remains stable, and to enhance the competitive advantages of the manufacturing sector with a focus on quality improvement.

We will carry out projects to rebuild industrial foundation and promptly resolve bottlenecks and weaknesses in basic spare parts and components, basic software, basic materials, basic processes, and fundamental industrial technology.

Leveraging the leading enterprises in relevant sectors, we will step up efforts to make major breakthroughs in important products and core technologies in key fields and work quickly to make groundbreaking progress in engineering and industrialization. We will ensure the success of projects launched to achieve breakthroughs in key technical equipment, improve the incentive and risk compensation mechanisms, and promote the demonstration and application of newly developed equipment, materials, and software.

We will improve the basic industrial infrastructure support system, establish a group of national centers for manufacturing innovation in key sectors, improve national quality infrastructure, build production application demonstration platforms and standard measurement, certification and accreditation, inspection and testing, test verification, and other industrial technology public service platforms, and improve the industrial database for technology and processes.

To establish more innovative, higher value-added, safer, and more reliable industrial chains and supply chains, we will pursue both economic efficiency and security, shore up our weaknesses, play to our strengths and do a good job in strategically designing supply chains and adopt targeted policies for different sectors.

We will consolidate and improve the manufacturing chains, strengthen the support of resources, technology, and equipment, enhance international cooperation in industrial security, and drive the diversification of industrial and supply chains.

Leveraging the industrial scale, supporting facilities, and first mover advantages in certain fields, we will consolidate and enhance the competitiveness of the whole industrial chain in sectors such as high-speed railway, electronic equipment, new energy, and shipbuilding, and create an industrial chain of overall strategic importance starting from complete machines that are in line with the direction of future industrial transformation.

The plan for the regional industrial chains will be optimized to guide the key links in the chains to remain in China, and further enhance the capacity of the central and western regions and the northeast region as destinations of industrial relocation.

We will implement production capacity reserve projects for emergency products and build regional bases for ensuring emergency material production.

Technical and economic security assessment will be reinforced, and an industrial competitiveness investigation and evaluation program will be put into practice. We will further implement intelligent manufacturing and green manufacturing projects, develop new service-oriented manufacturing models, and promote high-end, intelligent, and green manufacturing. We will foster advanced manufacturing clusters and promote the innovation and development of industries such as integrated circuits, aerospace equipment, high-tech ships and ocean engineering equipment, robots, advanced railway equipment, advanced power equipment, engineering machinery, high-end CNC machine tools, medicine and medical equipment.

To transform and upgrade traditional industries, we will improve the layout and adjust the structure of petrochemical, iron and steel, nonferrous metals, building materials, and other raw material industries, expand the supply of high-quality products in light and textile industries, expedite the transformation and upgrade of enterprises in chemical, papermaking, and other key industries, and improve the green manufacturing system.

We will continue to implement special projects to enhance the core competitiveness and technological transformation of the manufacturing industry, encourage enterprises to adopt advanced and readily applicable technologies, and strengthen equipment upgrading and large-scale application of new products.

In terms of intelligent manufacturing, we will build demonstration factories and a better system of standards. Intensified efforts will be made to enhance quality, and to encourage manufacturers to increase the variety of products, raise their quality, and build the brands. We will intensify efforts to ensure the supply of factors of production, provide efficient services, consolidate and expand the results of tax and fee cuts, reduce the production and operating costs of enterprises, and enhance the embeddedness and competitiveness of the manufacturing industry.

We will work to increase the plot ratio and use efficiency of industrial land and promote new industrial land use models. We will increase medium- and long-term loans and lines of credit for manufacturing, increase loans for technological transformation, and make sure equity investment and bond financing are more heavily weighted towards manufacturing.

We will permit manufacturing enterprises to participate in market-oriented electricity transaction, regulate and reduce logistics charges in port shipping, road and railway transportation, and review and standardize charges related to enterprises.

We will establish a mechanism to provide full cycle services for major manufacturing projects and build a system for entrepreneurs to participate in enterprise-related policy making. Support will be given to build comprehensive service platforms for information, technology, import and export, and digital transformation of SMEs. We will promote the integration and innovation of biotechnology and information technology, accelerate the development of biomedicine, biological breeding, biomaterials, bioenergy, and other industries, to enhance bioeconomy in size and strength.

We will continue to promote and adopt the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System and facilitate its high-quality industrial development. We will encourage technological innovation and the merger and restructuring of enterprises and avoid low-level replication.

This plan was terminated in by the newly elected Moraji Desai government. After the termination of the fifth Five Year Plan, the Rolling Plan came into effect from to Three plans were introduced under the Rolling plan: 1 For the budget of the present year 2 this plan was for a fixed number of years-- 3,4 or 5 3 Perspective plan for long terms-- 10, 15 or 20 years.

The plan has several advantages as the targets could be mended and projects, allocations, etc. This means that if the targets can be amended each year, it would be difficult to achieve the targets and will result in destabilization in the Indian economy. The basic objective of this plan was economic liberalization by eradicating poverty and achieving technological self-reliance. Its duration was from to , under the leadership of Rajiv Gandhi. The objectives of this plan include the establishment of a self-sufficient economy, opportunities for productive employment, and up-gradation of technology.

For the first time, the private sector got priority over the public sector. Eighth Five Year Plan could not take place due to the volatile political situation at the centre. Its duration was from to , under the leadership of P. Narasimha Rao.

In this plan, the top priority was given to the development of human resources i. During this plan, Narasimha Rao Govt. Some of the main economic outcomes during the eighth plan period were rapid economic growth highest annual growth rate so far — 6. Its duration was from to , under the leadership of Atal Bihari Vajpayee.